Trigger Finger : Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and the Role of Physiotherapy
▫️Written by John Keller
✅ Reviewed by Dr. Jenny Hynes on FEBRUARY 9, 2024
Trigger finger is a condition that can significantly affect our hand function, making everyday tasks difficult and painful. This condition, where a finger gets stuck in a bent position, can lead to stiffness, discomfort, and even disability in severe cases. Understanding the impact of trigger finger is crucial, as our hands are vital for daily activities and overall quality of life.
Seeking professional care is essential in managing trigger finger. Physiotherapy plays a key role in treatment, offering effective strategies to reduce pain and improve hand function. Research supports physiotherapy as a beneficial approach in treating this condition. For instance, a study by Sahoo et al (2023) showed that therapeutic exercises and modalities used in physiotherapy can improve function and symptoms of trigger finger.
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Therefore, it is important for individuals experiencing symptoms of trigger finger to consult healthcare professionals and consider physiotherapy as a viable treatment option for recovery and improved hand function.
Demystifying Trigger Finger
Trigger finger is a condition that affects the movement of the fingers. In simple terms, it occurs when a finger gets stuck in a bent position and then snaps straight, much like a trigger being pulled and released. This condition can make it difficult to flex or extend the affected finger smoothly, often causing pain, stiffness, and a sensation of locking or catching.
The common causes of trigger finger include repetitive finger movements, which are often seen in certain occupations or hobbies that involve prolonged gripping. For example, musicians, farmers, and industrial workers are at higher risk due to the nature of their work. Additionally, certain underlying health conditions, such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, have been linked to a higher incidence of trigger finger (Jeanmonod et al., 2023)
If left untreated, trigger finger can lead to several complications. The finger may become permanently bent, leading to limited movement and impacting daily activities. The discomfort and pain can also worsen over time, making simple tasks increasingly challenging. In severe cases, the affected finger may require surgical intervention to regain its functionality (Ryzewicz & Wolf, 2006).
Overall, trigger finger is more than just a minor inconvenience; it can significantly affect an individual's quality of life. Understanding its causes and seeking early treatment are crucial steps in preventing long-term complications and limitations
Causes and Risk Factors of Trigger Finger
Trigger finger primarily occurs due to repeated gripping and snapping motions of the fingers. This repetitive strain can cause inflammation in the tendons that control finger movements, leading to pain and stiffness. When the tendon sheath becomes swollen, it hinders the smooth gliding of the tendon, resulting in the characteristic 'catching' or 'locking' of the finger.
Several risk factors increase the likelihood of developing trigger finger. Age is a significant factor; people between 40 and 60 years old are more commonly affected (Jeanmonod et al., 2023). Occupational hazards also play a role. Jobs or hobbies that require repetitive hand use and prolonged gripping—such as musicians, farmers, and industrial workers—are more prone to this condition.
Underlying medical conditions can contribute as well. People with diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis are at a higher risk of developing trigger finger. Diabetes, in particular, is associated with changes in the connective tissue that can lead to hand problems (Melamed et al., 2010)
To reduce the risk of trigger finger, practical steps can be taken in daily life. These include minimizing repetitive gripping tasks, taking regular breaks during activities that strain the hands, and doing exercises to maintain finger flexibility and strength. Ergonomic tools designed to reduce hand strain can also be beneficial.
Recognizing the Signs of Trigger Finger
The typical signs and symptoms of trigger finger are distinct and relatively easy to recognize. They include:
Pain: Individuals often experience a soreness or discomfort at the base of the affected finger or thumb.
Stiffness: This is particularly noticeable in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
Clicking or Locking Sensation: The affected finger may lock or catch in a bent position and then suddenly pop straight. This is the hallmark symptom of trigger finger.
It's important to differentiate trigger finger from other finger or hand conditions, such as arthritis or carpal tunnel syndrome. While these conditions also affect the hand and fingers, they have different symptoms and underlying causes. Arthritis typically involves joint pain and swelling, whereas carpal tunnel syndrome causes numbness and tingling due to nerve compression in the wrist (Ryzewicz & Wolf, 2006).
Given the specific nature of trigger finger symptoms, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis. A medical practitioner can conduct a physical examination, assess the symptoms, and rule out other conditions. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for effective management and to prevent worsening of the condition.
Prevention Strategies for Trigger Finger
Preventing trigger finger involves a combination of ergonomic considerations, finger exercises, and lifestyle adjustments. Here are some actionable tips:
Ergonomic Adjustments: Modify your workspace or tools to reduce strain on your hands. For instance, using ergonomic keyboards, mouse devices, or tools with padded handles can help minimize repetitive stress.
Finger Exercises: Regular exercises that promote flexibility and strength in the fingers can be beneficial. Simple stretching and bending exercises can help maintain tendon health.
Avoid Repetitive Movements: When possible, reduce activities that involve prolonged gripping or repetitive finger use. If your job or hobby requires these movements, take frequent breaks and stretch your hands regularly.
Maintaining Overall Hand Health: Regular exercise for your hands, such as squeezing a soft ball, can improve blood circulation and tendon health, reducing the risk of trigger finger.
Early Intervention: If you start experiencing symptoms of finger stiffness or discomfort, early intervention with rest, ice, or over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication can help prevent progression to a full-blown trigger finger.
Adopting these preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of developing trigger finger and maintain overall hand and finger health.
Treatment Options for Trigger Finger
The treatment of trigger finger varies depending on the severity of the condition. Here are some commonly used approaches:
1. Splinting: This involves wearing a splint to keep the affected finger in an extended position. Splinting helps rest the finger, reduces inflammation, and prevents further triggering (Coulbourn et al., 2008)
2. Corticosteroid Injections: Often used for more severe cases, corticosteroid injections can reduce inflammation and pain in the affected tendon sheath. This treatment can provide temporary to long-term relief (Ryzewicz & Wolf, 2006).
3. Surgery: In cases where other treatments fail, surgery may be recommended. The procedure involves releasing the affected tendon sheath to allow smoother finger movement.
Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in both the treatment and rehabilitation process of trigger finger, especially after splinting or surgery. The focus of physiotherapy includes:
Restoration of Finger Strength and Mobility: Through specific exercises, physiotherapy aids in regaining strength and flexibility in the affected finger.
Function Improvement: The ultimate goal of physiotherapy is to restore the finger's functionality, allowing individuals to return to their daily activities without discomfort.
Non-Invasive Treatment Modality: Physiotherapy offers a non-invasive approach to treatment, which can be particularly appealing for those looking to avoid surgery.
The benefits of physiotherapy in treating trigger finger have been well-documented, making it a valuable component of a comprehensive treatment plan.
Physiotherapy's Role in Treating Trigger Finger
Physiotherapy is a cornerstone in the management and recovery of trigger finger, playing a vital role in helping patients regain normal hand function. Here's a closer look at its critical role:
1. Customized Rehabilitation Programs: Physiotherapists assess each patient’s specific condition to design tailored rehabilitation programs. These programs address muscle imbalances and tendon health, focusing on exercises that improve finger strength and hand mobility (Sahoo et al., 2023)
2. Improvement in Finger Strength and Mobility: Through a variety of exercises and techniques, physiotherapy works to strengthen the muscles around the affected finger and increase its range of motion. This is crucial for restoring the finger’s normal, smooth movement.
3. Optimizing Hand Function: The ultimate goal of physiotherapy in trigger finger treatment is to optimize overall hand function. This means not just treating the affected finger but ensuring that the entire hand works well as a unit.
4. Collaborative Approach: Recovery is a collaborative effort between the patient and the physiotherapist. Patients are often given exercises to perform at home and are educated about their condition. This partnership is essential for effective treatment and long-term management.
5. Preventive Guidance: Besides treating the existing condition, physiotherapists also provide guidance on how to prevent future episodes, including ergonomic advice and hand care tips.
In summary, physiotherapy offers a comprehensive and non-invasive approach to treating trigger finger, with emphasis on restoring function and preventing recurrence.
Restoring Functionality through Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy employs a variety of techniques to effectively treat trigger finger, with the primary goal of restoring optimal finger functionality. Here are some key methods used:
1. Therapeutic Exercises: These exercises are specifically designed to increase the strength and flexibility of the affected finger. They typically involve gentle stretching and strengthening routines to improve tendon glide and reduce stiffness (Evans et al., 1988)
2. Manual Therapy: This involves hands-on techniques where the physiotherapist manipulates the finger and hand to improve movement and reduce pain. Techniques such as soft tissue mobilization can be particularly beneficial in alleviating symptoms of trigger finger.
3. Functional Training: This aspect of treatment focuses on restoring the finger's ability to perform everyday tasks. It may include activities that simulate common daily activities or specific work-related tasks, gradually increasing in complexity as the patient improves.
Physiotherapy plays a significant role in not only reducing pain and discomfort associated with trigger finger but also in enhancing the overall quality of life. By improving finger and hand function, patients can return to their normal activities with greater ease and less discomfort.
Moreover, the benefits of physiotherapy extend beyond physical rehabilitation. It also offers patients a sense of control over their recovery, contributing to better mental well-being.
Conclusion
In summary, trigger finger is a condition that affects the movement of fingers, leading to pain, stiffness, and a locking sensation. It's often caused by repetitive movements and can be exacerbated by certain risk factors such as age, occupation, and underlying health conditions. Recognizing the signs early and seeking professional help is crucial for effective management.
Physiotherapy stands out as a key component in the treatment of trigger finger. Through customized rehabilitation programs, therapeutic exercises, manual therapy, and functional training, physiotherapy aids in restoring finger strength, mobility, and overall hand function. This non-invasive approach not only alleviates the immediate symptoms but also plays a vital role in preventing recurrence.
The integration of physiotherapy into the treatment plan for trigger finger cannot be overstated. It offers a comprehensive solution that addresses the physical aspects of the condition and enhances the patient's quality of life.
For those suffering from trigger finger, taking proactive steps and seeking the guidance of qualified physiotherapists can lead to significant improvements. With professional support, patients can effectively manage their condition and regain the full functionality of their hands, ultimately leading to a more comfortable and active lifestyle.
References:
Sahoo, A.C., Soumyashree, S. & Mahapatra, C. The role of physiotherapy in the treatment of chronic trigger finger—a case report. Bull Fac Phys Ther 28, 27 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43161-023-00137-8
Jeanmonod R, Harberger S, Waseem M. (2023, July 17) Trigger Finger. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459310/
Ryzewicz, M., & Wolf, J. M. (2006). Trigger digits: Principles, management, and complications. Journal of Hand Surgery, 31(1), 135-146.
Melamed, E., Goldstein, S., & Angel, D. (2010). Harefuah, 149(6), 382–402.
Colbourn, J., Heath, N., Manary, S., & Pacifico, D. (2008). Effectiveness of splinting for the treatment of trigger finger. Journal of hand therapy : official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists, 21(4), 336–343. https://doi.org/10.1197/j.jht.2008.05.001
Evans, RB., Hunter, JM., Burkhalter, WE. (1988). Conservative management of the trigger finger: A new approach. Journal of Hand Therapy, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-1130(88)80049-8.
Related links:
Finger Injuries: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and the Role of Physiotherapy
Understanding Finger Dislocation: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and the Role of Physiotherapy
Mallet Finger: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and the Role of Physiotherapy
Understanding Finger Fracture: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and the Role of Physiotherapy
Understanding Central Slip Injury: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and the Role of Physiotherapy
Article by
John Keller
Clinical Director | Sports & Musculoskeletal Physiotherapist
John graduated as a Physiotherapist from the Auckland University of Technology with the John Morris memorial prize for outstanding clinical practise in 2003. John has since completed Post Graduate Diplomas in both Sports Medicine and Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy with distinction, also collecting the Searle Shield for excellence in Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy.
Reviewed by
Dr. Jenny Hynes FACP
Clinical Director | Specialist Musculoskeletal Physiotherapist
Jenny sat extensive examinations to be inducted as a fellow into the Australian College of Physiotherapy in 2009 and gain the title of Specialist Musculoskeletal Physiotherapist, one of only a few physiotherapists in the state to have done so.